Memory assessment instruments for post-intensive care unit patients: a scoping review protocol

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.62741/ahrj.v3iSuppl.129

Keywords:

Cognition Disorders, Critical Illness, Follow-up care, Neuropsychological tests, survivorship, Intensive Care Unit, Memory

Abstract

Introduction: Cognitive impairment is a frequent and disabling consequence among survivors of critical illness, with memory dysfunction being one of the most prevalent and impactful sequelae after discharge from intensive care units. Memory disturbances can significantly affect recovery, autonomy, and overall quality of life. Although various instruments exist to assess memory in clinical practice, the extent to which these tools have been specifically applied, validated, and characterized in patients after intensive care remains unclear.

Objectives: To map and describe the available literature on instruments used to assess memory in adult patients after discharge from intensive care, focusing on their types, measurement properties, and contexts of use.

Methodology: This scoping review will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute methodological guidance and aims to answer the question: What memory assessment instruments are used in adult patients after discharge from intensive care units? The search strategy will include multiple international databases and sources of grey literature, with no restrictions on language or publication date. Article selection will follow the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Studies eligible for inclusion will involve adult survivors of intensive care in any clinical or community context, reporting on instruments used to assess memory function or memories related to the intensive care experience.

Conclusion: This scoping review will systematically map and synthesize evidence on instruments for memory assessment after intensive care, identifying existing tools and gaps to inform clinical practice and future research focused on cognitive recovery.

References

Hiser SL, Fatima A, Ali M, Needham DM. Post-intensive care syndrome (PICS): recent updates. J Intensive Care. 2023;11(1):23. doi:10.1186/s40560-023-00670-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40560-023-00670-7

Parker AM, Sricharoenchai T, Raparla S, Schneck KW, Bienvenu OJ, Needham DM. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Critical Illness Survivors: A Metaanalysis*. Crit Care Med. 2015;43(5):1121. doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000000882 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000000882

Rattray J, Johnston M, Wildsmith J a. w. The intensive care experience: development of the ICE questionnaire. J Adv Nurs. 2004;47(1):64-73. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2004.03066.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2004.03066.x

Askari Hosseini SM, Arab M, Karzari Z, Razban F. Post-traumatic stress disorder in critical illness survivors and its relation to memories of ICU. Nurs Crit Care. 2021;26(2):102-108. doi:10.1111/nicc.12532 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/nicc.12532

Ho MH, Lee YW, Wang L. Estimated prevalence of post-intensive care cognitive impairment at short-term and long-term follow-ups: a proportional meta-analysis of observational studies. Ann Intensive Care. 2025;15:3. doi:10.1186/s13613-025-01429-z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13613-025-01429-z

Samuelson K a. M, Lundberg D, Fridlund B. Stressful memories and psychological distress in adult mechanically ventilated intensive care patients – a 2-month follow-up study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2007;51(6):671-678. doi:10.1111/j.1399-6576.2007.01292.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-6576.2007.01292.x

Ringdal M, Plos K, Lundberg D, Johansson L, Bergbom I. Outcome after injury: memories, health-related quality of life, anxiety, and symptoms of depression after intensive care. J Trauma. 2009;66(4):1226-1233. doi:10.1097/TA.0b013e318181b8e3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0b013e318181b8e3

Corrigan I, Samuelson KAM, Fridlund B, Thomé B. The meaning of posttraumatic stress-reactions following critical illness or injury and intensive care treatment. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2007;23(4):206-215. doi:10.1016/j.iccn.2007.01.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iccn.2007.01.004

Squire LR. Memory systems of the brain: A brief history and current perspective. Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2004;82(3):171-177. doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2004.06.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nlm.2004.06.005

Jones C, Humphris ,G, and Griffiths R. Preliminary valida-tion of the ICUM tool: a tool for assessing memory of the intensive care experience. Clin Intensive Care. 2000;11(5):251-255. doi:10.3109/tcic.11.5.251.255 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/tcic.11.5.251.255

Rotondi AJ, Chelluri L, Sirio C, et al. Patients’ recollections of stressful experiences while receiving prolonged mechanical ventilation in an intensive care unit. Crit Care Med. 2002;30(4):746-752. doi:10.1097/00003246-200204000-00004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00003246-200204000-00004

Train S, Kydonaki K, Rattray J, Stephen J, Weir CJ, Walsh TS. Frightening and Traumatic Memories Early after Intensive Care Discharge. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019;199(1):120-123. doi:10.1164/rccm.201804-0699LE DOI: https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201804-0699LE

Schelling G, Richter M, Roozendaal B, et al. Exposure to high stress in the intensive care unit may have negative effects on health-related quality-of-life outcomes after cardi-ac surgery. Crit Care Med. 2003;31(7):1971-1980. doi:10.1097/01.CCM.0000069512.10544.40 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CCM.0000069512.10544.40

Samuelson KAM. Unpleasant and pleasant memories of intensive care in adult mechanically ventilated patients-findings from 250 interviews. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2011;27(2):76-84. doi:10.1016/j.iccn.2011.01.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iccn.2011.01.003

Egerod I, Bergbom I, Lindahl B, Henricson M, Granberg-Axell A, Storli SL. The patient experience of intensive care: A meta-synthesis of Nordic studies. Int J Nurs Stud. 2015;52(8):1354-1361. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2015.04.017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2015.04.017

Mikkelsen ME, Still M, Anderson BJ, et al. Society of Critical Care Medicine’s International Consensus Conference on Prediction and Identification of Long-Term Impairments After Critical Illness. Crit Care Med. 2020;48(11):1670-1679. doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000004586 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000004586

Kusi-Appiah E, Karanikola M, Pant U, Meghani S, Kennedy M, Papathanassoglou E. Tools for assessment of acute psychological distress in critical illness: A scoping review. Aust Crit Care. 2021;34(5):460-472. doi:10.1016/j.aucc.2020.12.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aucc.2020.12.003

Samuelson K. The Stressful Memory Assessment Checklist for the Intensive Care Unit (SMAC-ICU): Development and Testing. Healthcare. 2022;10(7):1321. doi:10.3390/healthcare10071321 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10071321

Peters M, Marnie C, Tricco AC, et al. Updated methodological guidance for the conduct of scoping reviews. JBI Evid Synth. 2020;18(10):2119-2126. doi:10.11124/JBIES-20-00167 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11124/JBIES-20-00167

Peters MDJ, Godfrey C, McInerney P, et al. Best practice guidance and reporting items for the development of scoping review protocols. JBI Evid Synth. 2022;20(4):953. doi:10.11124/JBIES-21-00242 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11124/JBIES-21-00242

Arksey H, O’Malley L. Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework. Int J Soc Res Methodol. 2005;8(1):19-32. doi:10.1080/1364557032000119616 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1364557032000119616

Peters MD, Godfrey C, McInerney P, Munn Z, Tricco AC, Khalil H. Scoping reviews. In: Aromataris E, Lockwood C, Porritt K, Pilla B, Jordan Z, eds. JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis. JBI; 2024. doi:10.46658/JBIMES-24-09 DOI: https://doi.org/10.46658/JBIMES-24-09

Pollock D, Peters MDJ, Khalil H, et al. Recommendations for the extraction, analysis, and presentation of results in scoping reviews. JBI Evid Synth. 2023;21(3):520. doi:10.11124/JBIES-22-00123 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11124/JBIES-22-00123

Ouzzani M, Hammady H, Fedorowicz Z, Elmagarmid A. Rayyan—a web and mobile app for systematic reviews. Syst Rev. 2016;5(1). doi:10.1186/s13643-016-0384-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-016-0384-4

Takats S, Stillman D, Cheslack-Postava F, et al. Zotero, version 7.0.18; Corporation for Digital Scholarship; Vienna, VA USA, URL: https://www.zotero.org/. https://www.zotero.org/

Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, et al. PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169(7):467-473. doi:10.7326/M18-0850 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7326/M18-0850

Downloads

Published

22-01-2026