Oncological treatments and oral health: integrative review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62741/ahrj.v3i1.130Keywords:
Oncologic Treatments; Oral Health; Oral Mucositis; Xerostomia; Preventive Oral Care.Abstract
Introduction: Cancer therapies such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, although effective, are frequently associated with oral complications that negatively impact patients’ quality of life and treatment adherence. Oral mucositis and xerostomia are among the most prevalent adverse effects, requiring coordinated preventive and therapeutic strategies.
Objectives: This integrative review aims to evaluate the impact of oncological treatments on oral health, identify the most common complications, and analyze evidence-based interventions to mitigate these effects, highlighting the role of dental professionals in comprehensive cancer care.
Methodology: A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, SciELO, and the Cochrane Library, following the PICO(S) framework. Clinical studies published between February 2020 to February 2025, in English or Portuguese, assessing oral complications in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiotherapy were included. The risk of bias of the included studies was performed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool 2.
Results: Seventeen studies were selected. Oral mucositis was the most frequently reported complication in chemotherapy, while xerostomia was predominant in radiotherapy. Interventions such as photobiomodulation, cryotherapy, zinc-based rinses, fluoride, and trehalose-based products demonstrated efficacy in reducing symptom severity and improving patient comfort. However, variability in protocols and limited access to dental care remain significant challenges.
Conclusion: Oral health must be integrated into multidisciplinary oncology care. Early preventive interventions and structured oral care protocols are essential to minimize complications and improve patient outcomes. Further high-quality studies are needed to standardize effective strategies and ensure equitable access to oral care in oncology settings.
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