The impact of oral microbiota on the development of atherosclerosis: an integrative review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62741/ahrj.v3i2.245Keywords:
Oral Microbiota; Atherosclerosis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Periodontitis; InflammationAbstract
Introduction: Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall and the leading cause of cardiovascular mortality worldwide. The oral microbiota, the second largest microbial community of the human body, has been increasingly implicated in systemic inflammatory processes that may influence cardiovascular health.
Objectives: To analyse the impact of the oral microbiota on the development of atherosclerosis, exploring the mechanisms by which oral dysbiosis may contribute to systemic inflammation and to the progression of cardiovascular disease.
Methodology: An integrative literature review was conducted following the PRISMA recommendations, using the PubMed, SciELO and ScienceDirect databases. The search strategy was based on the PECO model, combining the terms "oral microbiota", "atherosclerosis", "cardiovascular disease" and "systemic inflammation". Studies published between 2015 and 2025 were considered, and predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied.
Results: Eighteen articles were included. The evidence showed a consistent association between alterations in the oral microbiota and atherosclerosis. Bacteria associated with periodontal disease can enter the bloodstream and contribute to systemic inflammation; oral microorganisms have been identified within atherosclerotic plaques; and chronic inflammation related to oral dysbiosis favours endothelial dysfunction and lesion progression. Shared risk factors - smoking, diabetes and poor oral hygiene - were also relevant.
Conclusion: The evidence suggests a potential relationship between oral microbiota dysbiosis and atherosclerosis, reinforcing oral health as an integral part of systemic health. Effective prevention and control of oral infections may contribute to reducing cardiovascular risk and support integrated approaches between dentistry and cardiovascular medicine.References
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